The correct battery charger and charging techniques can prolong the life of your battery. They can prevent the damage that can occur from undercharging or overcharging the device. There are five basic recharging methods. They are constant voltage, constant current, pulsed current, tapered current, and trickle charging. Certain batteries require a specific recharging process while other batteries can use different methods.

Constant Voltage

This type of charger maintains a constant voltage regardless of the battery’s charging status. It is the most basic method of charging batteries. They are widely available in the form of inexpensive car battery chargers. It uses a direct current from a power supply. Constant-voltage chargers are used frequently to charge batteries that require extended charging periods, such as lead acid car batteries. These chargers are not generally recommended for devices that require frequent cycling. This method is appropriate for lithium-ion batteries if the charger is equipped with circuitry that protects the battery.

Constant Current

These chargers maintain a constant flow of current to the battery, but the voltage may vary. They are usually equipped with automatic shutoffs that activate when the battery reaches a full charge. This method is often used for nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries.

Pulsed Current

As the name implies, this type of charger provides current to the battery in pulses. The length of the pulses and the intermittent rest period can be set to various lengths, which ensures a more controlled charging process. This recharging method reduces the risk of electrode damage because the chemical inside the battery stabilizes between pulses.

This technique can be used in conjunction with burp or negative pulse charging. It shortens the time required to charge a battery by depolarizing the battery cells and releasing any pent-up gases.

Taper Current

These chargers are available in unregulated and regulated models. An unregulated charger can overcharge and damage a battery. These chargers are usually limited to sealed lead acid batteries. A regulated taper charger maintains the voltage at a safe, constant level.

Trickle Charge

This method compensates for the self-discharge rate that occurs when a battery is not in use. It provides a continuous, long-term charge. This method is unsuitable for lithium and nickel-metal hydride batteries because they are susceptible to overcharging. After the battery is fully charged, the charger automatically switches to a trickle charge. This is a common charging technique for mobility scooters, RVs, and boats. After the battery is fully charged, the trickle charge maintains the maximum power level so that the battery is always ready for use. Some smart chargers enable you to connect the charger and battery indefinitely without damaging the battery.

If you need assistance determining the proper charging method or need to find a battery charger, contact your battery retailer. The company has the expertise and latest information on charging batteries. The friendly staff can help you find the right battery and charger combination for your device or vehicle.